Yes, they most certainly are.

In my experience, if the first or second interview goes well, my references are almost always contacted. It seems to me that references are a key part of most companies' hiring process. However, it seems unlikely that references would be checked or perhaps even requested for entry level positions, or in certain industries.

It depends on the position and the responsibilities it entails.

Yes

Depends on the job and the rank you're applying for. Government jobs especially check references and the whole 9-yards

No

Yes

Yes

Local deliveries

Depends on job description